Stress Fracture

A stress fracture refers to the weakening of a bone due to overuse or repetitive movement. The affected bone will sustain smaller, unnoticeable breaks over time that eventually leads to a full fracture or break.

Unlike a standard fracture that happens immediately after a high force or impact, a stress fracture occurs over time. Typically, this happens after you have increased your activity level in a short period of time, such as running a lot after a period of inactivity. In these situations, your body cannot repair from the increase in activity before you do it again.

Stress fractures are often seen in the lower leg, hip, and foot bones. Pain is often felt during activity and may subside with rest.

Symptoms

Pain and tenderness in the affected area
Decreased range of motion in the affected and surrounding areas

Causes

Recent increase in exercise or physical training such as running too many miles too soon, throwing too much too soon, or even walking an excessive distance too soon
Improper body mechanics performing the activity

Risk Factors

Weakened bones
Muscle weakness
Leg length discrepancies
Conditions such as osteoporosis, diabetes, and post-menopause

Diagnosis

Physical examination of the affected area
X-ray or bone scan to show condition of bones and location of the break
MRI or CT scan to show muscle and soft tissue health

Treatment Options

Cast or boot immobilization of the affected area to allow bones to heal in proper alignment
Use of crutches, walker, or cane to bear weight
Nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory medications for pain relief
Surgical repair in extreme cases